FRAKSI ETANOL, KLOROFORM, DAN N-HEKSAN BUNGA KAMBOJA PUTIH (Plumeria acuminata L.) SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI TERHADAP Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus DENGANBIOAUTOGRAFI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37090/jfl.v8i2.147Abstract
Frangipani flowers (Plumeria acuminata L.) Flower is one of the plants that has antibacterial properties. Compounds that act as antibacterial are flavonoids and tannins. The purpose of this study was to prove the antibacterial activity of ethanol, chloroform, and n-hexane fractions of Frangipani flowers (Plumeria acuminata L.) flower as antibacterial against E. coli and S. aureus with Bioautography.The process of extracting plumeria acuminata L. flowers was carried out by maceration method using 70% ethanol. The extract was continued with the fractionation process with ethanol, n-hexane and chloroform solvents. Antibacterial activity testing using the well method with concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%, positive chloramphenicol control, and negative aquadest control. The compound content test used the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method with the mobile phase of chloroform: methanol: water (2:5:3) (v/v).Bioautography test using the contact method, namely the elution TLC plate, was placed on the NA medium containing a bacterial suspension for 3 hours. The biggest antibacterial test results of ethanol fraction of plumeria acuminata L. flowers were at a concentration of 100% with a diameter of inhibition zone of 13.55 mm in E. coli while 14.15 mm S. aureus. The results of TLC showed the presence of flavonoids with a price of Rf 0.70 and tannin at a price of Rf 0.68. Bioautography results showed a inhibition zone with a price of Rf 0.70 in E. coli and S. aureus which are flavonoid compounds. Based on the results of the research that has been done it can be concluded that the ethanol fraction of white frangipani flowers has antibacterial activity against E.coli and S. aureus, while the chloroform fraction and n-hexane fraction do not have antibacterial activity. The active compounds that act as antibacterial are flavonoids and tannin, but the ones that provide antibacterial effects are flavonoids with an Rf value of 0.70. Keywords: Bioautography,Escherichiacoli, Frangipani flowers, Staphylococcusaureus, TLCReferences
Wattimena. 1991. Farmakodinamik dan Terapi Antibiotik. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press
Jawetz E., Melnick GE., Adelberg CA. 2001. Mikrobiologi Kedokteran. Penerjemah: Bagian Mikrobiologi Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga. Penerbit Salemba Medika, Surabaya. Edisi 1, Halaman 211-249.
Depkes RI. 2016. Profil Kesehatan Indonesia. Jakarta: Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Yasir Y, Yuniati Y, Paramita S, Zubaidah M, Mu’ti A, Danial D. 2017. Analisis Bioautografi Dengan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis Pada Ekstrak Etanol Daun (Caesalpinia sumatrana ROXB.) Terhadap Bakteri Penyebab Infeksi Nosokomial. J Sains dan Kesehatan. 1(7):359–66.
Thitilertdecha, N., A. Teerawutgulrag, dan N. Rakariyatham. 2008. Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities Of NepheliumLappaceum L. Extracts. Food Science and Technology. 4(1) : 2029-2035
Yesmin, B. (2016). Study on agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis) to Evaluate Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities Of N-hexane, Chloroform and Ethyl Acetate Extracts. Bangladesh: Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka
Sari, L.O.R.K, 2006, Pemanfaatan Obat Tradisional dengan Pertimbangan Manfaat dan Keamanannya, Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian, 3(1 April.01–07) ISSN : 1693-9883.
Kumari, S., Mazumder, A., Bhattacharya, S., (2012), In-vitro Antifungal Activity of The Essential Oil of Flowers of Plumeria alba Linn. (Apocynaceae), International Journal of PharmTech Research, 4(1):208-212.
Zaheer, Z., Konale, A. G., Patel, K. A., Subur, K. W., dan Farooqui, M. N., (2010), Plumeria Rubra Linn.: An Indian Medicinal Plant, International Journal of Pharmacy & Therapeutics, 1(2):116-119.
Monika Gupta, Rakhi, Nisha Yadav, Saroj, Pinky, Siksha, Manisha, Priyanka, Amit, Rahul, Sumit, and Ankit. (2016). Phytochemical Screening of Leaves of Plumeria alba and Plumeria acuminata. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 8 (5);354-358
Dawood H. Ramadan. A. Hassan and Shaaban M. Abdel Fattah (2016). Antioxidant Activity Evaluation Of Methanolic Extract And Crude Polysaccharides From Plumeria Alba L. Leaves. International Journal of Advanced Research 4(5);1688-1701
Mustanir Yahya, Hindiah M. H., Murniana (2014). Antibacterial Activities of Ethyl Acetate Extract From Plumeria alba Stem Bark. Syiah KualaUniversity, Faculty of science, Departement of Chemistry Darussalam Banda Aceh, Indonesia. 15 (2):107-112
Dian Riana Ningsih, Zusfahair, Purwati. 2014 Antibacterial Activity Cambodia Leaf Extract (Plumeria alba L) to Staphylococcus aureus and Identification Of Bioactive Compound Group Of Cambodia Leaf Extract 9(2). November, 101-109
Muhammad Ali Husni, Murniana, Hira Helwati, dan Nuraini. 2013 Antimicrobial Activity Of n-Hexane Extracts Of Red Frangipani. Jurnal natural 13(1). Maret.
Prihardini, Ida kristianingsih. 2016 Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Minyak Atsiri dan Ekstrak Etanol Bunga Kamboja Putih (Plumeria acuminata L) Terhadap Escherichia coli. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia. Samarinda 20-21 April.
Ningsih D.R Zusfahair. Kartika D. Identifikasi Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Serta Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Daun Sirsak Sebagai Antibakteri. Purwokerto Jurusan Kimia FMIPA Univ Jendral Soedirman. 2016;104
Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Farmakope Indonesia. 4th.ed. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 1995
Alvira Widjaya RR. 2012. Uji Antifertilitas Ekstrak Etanol 70% Biji Delima (Punica granatum L). Pada Tikus Jantan Strain Sprague-Dawley Secara In Vivo (Skripsi). Jakarta. Jurnal Kedokteran 6(2):67-80.
Dita Widia Ningrum, Dewi Kusrini, Enny Fachriyah. 2017. Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Senyawa Flavonoid dari Ekstrak Etanol Daun Johar (Senna siamea Lamk). Semarang, Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 20 (3):123-129
Fatma Kumalasari, 2014. Aktivitas Antibakteri Fraksi Polar, Semipolar, dan Nonpolar Ekstrak Etanol Daun Buni (Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng) Terhadap Escherichia coli dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa Sensitif Serta Bioautografinya. (Skripsi). Surakarta Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Markham KR. 1988 Cara Mengidentifikasi Flavonoid. 3rd ed. Bandung: Institut Teknologi Bandung.
Septiani, Eko Nurcahya Dewi, Ima Wijayanti. 2017. Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Lamun (Cymodocea rotundata) Terhadap Bakteri S.aureus dan E.coli. Universitas Diponegoro. Semarang.
Retnowati, Y., Bialangi, N., Posangi, N.W. 2011 Pertumbuhan Bakteri S.aureus Pada Media Yang Di Ekspos Dengan Infus Daun Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata), FMIPA. Universitas Negeri Gorontalo. 6 (2) : 7-8.
